Page Two

Jacaranda
mimosifolia
Jacaranda,
Brazilian rosewood

Bignoniaceae

Introduced

  Grows to 30' or so. Native to Boliva and northwest
  Argentina. Planted worldwide in frost-free zones
  because of its beautiful flowers.

Juniperus
bermudiana
Bermuda cedar,
Bermuda juniper

Cupressaceae

Endemic

  Originally covered much of the island. 95% of the
  population killed by accidentally introduced juniper
  scale 1946-1953. Now making a good comeback.

Justicia
brandegeana
Shrimp plant,
False hop bush

Acanthaceae

Introduced

  Dramatic flowers of reddish-brown bracts enclosing
  white-mottled tongue-like flowers. Has weak spindly
  limbs and oval green leaves. Inflorescences resemble
  shrimps hence the common name. Native to Mexico.
  Genus name honors Townsend Stith Brandegee, a
  well-known American botanist.

Justicia
carnea
Flamingo flower,
Brazilian plume
flower

Acanthaceae

Introduced

  Showy shrub with pink flowers in dense heads native
  to Brazil. Genus named after 18th century Scottish
  gardener James Justice. Carnea means flesh-colored
  or deep pink. Also called pink tongues.

Koelreuteria
paniculata
Golden rain tree

Sapindaceae

Introduced

  Bright yellow flowers and feathery foliage distinguish
  this beautiful tree that grows to some 30' tall. It is a
  native of China and Korea. The fruits are papery in
  texture and pink to rose in color, and remind one of
  a little Japanese lantern.

Lantana
camara
Sagebush,
Lantana,
Shrub verbena

Verbenaceae

Introduced

  Native to West Indies and tropical Central and South
  America. Stems and leaves covered with hairs and give
  off an unpleasant odor when crushed. Tolerates salt
  spray well. A favorite for butterflies.

Lantana
montevidensis
Trailing lantana

Verbenaceae

Introduced

  Low-growing weakly-stemmed shrub with clusters
  of lilac flowers. Leaves have an unpleasant odor
  when crushed. Attractive to butterflies. Native to
  tropical South America.

Lilium
longiflorum
Easter lily,
Bermuda lily

Liliaceae

Introduced

  This lily was introduced into Bermuda from Japan in
  1853 and was commercially grown and exported for
  years. The species name refers to the length of the
  floral tube.

Liriope
muscari
Lilyturf

Liliaceae

Introduced

  Grows in dense clumps of green grass-like leaves
  with spikes of lavender-purple flowers. Commonly
  planted as a border, hence its other name, border-
  grass. Native to China and Japan.

Livistona
chinensis
Chinese fan palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  Leaves divided into long narrow segments that droop
  downwards giving rise to its other name of Chinese
  fountain palm. Native to southern Japan, Taiwan and
  several islands in the South China Sea. Normally
  grows 25-50' tall.

Malvaviscus
arboreus
Sleeping hibiscus,
Turk's cap,
Wax Mallow

Malvaceae

Introduced

  Sometimes called Scotchman's Purse because the
  flowers never open fully. Native to Mexico. Grows
  island wide.

Matthiola
incana
Wild stock

Brassicaceae

Introduced

  Valued for fragrant flowers that come in a variety of
  colors and can be eaten as a vegetable. The bitter
  seeds have been used as an aphrodisiac, a diuretic,
  and an expectorant. Sometimes called ten-weeks
  stock because it's an annual. Native to Europe.

Melia
azedarach
Pride of India,
Chinaberry

Meliaceae

Introduced

  Poisonous bright yellow fruits and bipinnate toothed
  leaves. Deciduous, to 30' tall. Prone to hurricane
  damage. Native to China and India.

Murraya
paniculata
Mock orange,
Orange jessamine,
China-box

Rutaceae

Introduced

  Native to India, China and Malaya. Has fragant small
  white flowers and inedible red to dark orange fruit.
  Has been used medicinally and for a cosmetic. May
  grow to 10' tall.

Musa X
paradisiaca
Banana

Musaceae

Introduced

  One of several introduced banana species and culti-
  vars in Bermuda, this one brought in in 1616. Leaves
  once used for stuffing mattresses. Each plant takes
  18 months to produce fruit, sends out runners for a
  new plant, then dies. From tropical Asia. Parents are
  M. acuminata and M. balbisiana.

Neomarica
caerulea
Apostle plant,
Walking iris

Iridaceae

Introduced

  Resident of damp shady locations. Name refers to
  genus Marica and the color blue. The genus was
  originally named Marica in honor of a nymph goddess
  in Italy by the same name. Changed to Neomarica due
  to a technical error by the namer. Native to Brazil.

Neomoarica
longifolia
Yellow walking iris

Iridaceae

Introduced

  Called Walking Iris because the weight of the stalk
  causes it to bend toward the ground, allowing a new
  plantlet to root away from its parent. Also called
  Apostle plant because of belief that it wouldn't flower
  until it had 12 leaves.

Nerium
oleander
Oleander

Apocynaceae

Introduced

  Native to Mediterranean region of Europe. Poisonous,
  if burned smoke can be toxic. Brought to Bermuda
  in 1790.

Odontonema
strictum
Red justicia,
Firespike,
Scarlet flame

Acanthaceae

Introduced

  Has dramatic panicles of brilliant red tubular flowers.
  Blooms in the fall. Attracts butterflies and humming-
  birds. Native to Central America. Species name
  means 'upright.'

Passiflora
caerulea
Blue passion
flower

Passifloraceae

Introduced

  Twining vine that tends to climb over anything that's
  available. Flowers are followed by deep orange egg-
  sized fruits that are edible. Native to southern Brazil
  and Argentina.

Passiflora
vitifolia
Red passion
flower,
Red granadilla

Passifloraceae

Introduced

  Passion flowers love high humidity so they do well in
  Bermuda. Native from Nicaragua to Peru, they are
  also called grape-leaved passion fruit, although the
  true passion fruit is P. edulis. The fruits are small- to
  medium-sized, oblong and greenish yellow.

Pelargonium
graveolens
Rose geranium

Geraniaceae

Introduced

  Native to the Cape Province of South Africa. Genus
  name derives from Greek word for 'stork' and refers
  to the shape of the fruit, and graveolens means 'very
  fragrant.'

Pentas
lanceolata
Egyptian star-
cluster,
Star flower

Rubiaceae

Introduced

  Fast-growing shrub with white to red flowers native
  to tropical Africa, Arabia and Madagascar. Attracts
  butterflies and hummingbirds.

Petrea
volubilis
Purple wreath,
Sandpaper vine

Verbenaceae

Introduced

  One of the common names refers to the rough texture
  of the leaves. Blooms winter through summer. Native
  to Mexico and Central America. Species name means
  'twining.'

Phoenix
canariensis
Canary Island
date palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  With a large thick trunk, long stalks of attractive
  orange-colored fruits and a graceful crown of
  feathery fronds, this palm does well in most locations.
  Native to the Canary Islands.

Phoenix
dactylifera
Date palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  This is the 'true' date palm from which the fruits are
  obtained. Native to North Africa, it has solitary and
  slender trunks that can grow 40'-50'. In Bermuda
  the orange fruits do not appear to mature properly to
  the edible stage. Dactilifera means 'finger-like.'

Phoenix
loureiroi
Dwarf date palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  A solitary or clustering palm with cream-colored
  flowers among the leaves. Often planted as a pot
  ornamental. Native to East Asia. Fruit color is dark
  maroon to black. Name honors Portuguese botanist,
  physician and missionary Joäo de Loureiro

Phoenix
reclinata
Senegal date palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  An African palm, this grows fairly commonly in
  Bermuda. Its multiple trunks sometimes form a large
  clump which can grow to about 25' tall. The foliage
  is dark green and the flowers are cream-colored.

Phoenix
rupicola
Cliff date palm,
Indian date palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  A native of India, this palm does well in most soil
  types and has moderate salt tolerance. Solitary
  trunk with canopy of 30-50 pinnately-compound
  leaves that have spines on the petioles. Has white
  flowers.

Pimenta
dioica
Allspice,
Jamaica pepper

Myrtaceae

Introduced

  The name allspice comes from the fact that the fruit
  and leaves smell like a combination of cloves, black
  pepper, nutmeg, and cinnamon. Native to West Indies,
  southern Mexico and Central America. Only spice
  whose commercial production is confined to the New
  World.

Pinus
halapensis
Aleppo pine

Pinaceae

Introduced

  Native to Turkey, Greece and the Near East, this
  pine has needles in clusters of two or three. It is
  often planted as a windbreak and can grow to 50'.
  Halapensis means 'of or from Aleppo' which is in
  northern Syria.

Plumbago
auriculata
Blue plumbago,
Cape leadwort,
Skyflower

Plumbaginaceae

Introduced

  From South Africa. Locally called the sticker plant
  because it sticks to clothing and animals. Flowers
  have sticky hairs at the base. A favorite of butterflies.

Plumeria
alba
West Indian
jasmine,
White frangipani

Apocynaceae

Introduced

  Has poisonous milky sap like its relative oleander,
  and is most fragrant at night to attract its sphinx moth
  pollinator. Genus named for 17th century French
  botanist Charles Plumier.

Plumeria
rubra
Common
frangipani,
Red frangipani

Apocynaceae

Introduced

Native to Mexico and Central America, plumerias
have spread to all tropical regions of the world. The common name, "frangipani," comes from an Italian
noble family, a member of which invented a plumeria-scented perfume.

Podocarpus
macrophyllus
Japanese yew,
Yew pine

Podocarpaceae

Introduced

  Grows to about 25' with needle-like leaves. Male
  plants have pollen-bearing catkins and female plants
  produce small blue berries that are mildly toxic. It
  is native to Japan and southern China.

Psidium
guajava
Guava

Myrtaceae

Introduced

  Became naturalized in Bermuda in the 1970's but had
  been cultivated for decades. Fruits used in making
  jelly. The genus name derives from a Greek word
  for pomegranate. Native to tropical America.

Quisqualis
indica
Rangoon creeper

Combretaceae

Introduced

  Fragrant viney species with flowers that change from
  pink to red as they age. Native to tropical Asia, the
  Phillipines and New Guinea.

Rhapis
excelsa
Lady palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  This palm grows with multiple slender stems forming
  a dense rounded cluster with shiny green leaves. In
  Bermuda often grown as a container plant. Native
  to southeast China where it has been grown as an
  ornamental for centuries.

Rondeletia
odorata
Fragrant
rondeletia,
Panama rose

Rubiaceae

Introduced

  Evergreen shrub 6-10' tall native to Panama and
  Cuba. Has orange tubular flowers with yellow
  throats and ovate leaves. The genus name honors
  Guillaume Rondelet, a 16th century French historian,
  physician, and botany instructor. Odorata means
  'fragrant.'

Rosa
bracteata
Macartney rose

Rosaceae

Introduced

  Native to warm parts of China, this is locally called the
  Fried Egg and is often seen scrambling on old walls.
  Discovered by Lord Macartney in 1765.

Russelia
equisetiformis
Bermuda heath,
Firecracker plant

Scrophulariaceae

Introduced

  Blooms all year. Attracts butterflies and humming-
  birds. Native to Mexico. The species name means
  'having the form of Equisetum.' Genus named for the
  Scottish naturalist Alexander Russell.

Sabal
bermudana
Bermuda palmetto

Arecaceae

Endemic

  Confined to the few remaining patches of lowland
  dry or marshy scrub. Largest population at Paget
  Marsh. Has a stout trunk, grows to 20' or so. Also
  called Bermuda fan palm.

Sabal
minor
Dwarf palmetto,
Blue palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  This is a small fan palm with no real trunk that is
  native to the southeastern U.S. One of the hardiest
  palms in the world, it prefers moist soils.

Salix
babylonica
Weeping willow

Salicaceae

Introduced

  Believed to be native to western China, the weeping
  willow spread to the Middle Eastern area near the site
  of Babylon, which gives it its species name. Likes
  moist soil and has grown along the edges of marshes
  in Bermuda.

Scaevola
plumieri
Beach lobelia,
Inkberry,
Fanflower

Goodeniaceae

Native

  Uncommon. Colonizes dunes. Large dark purple
  berries. Originally from Australia, drift seeds reached
  Pacific Islands, Africa, and the Caribbean.

Schotia
brachypetala
African walnut,
Tree fuchsia,
Weeping boer-bean

Fabaceae

Introduced

  Handsome tree native to South Africa with a dense
  rounded crown. The fruit is a hard flattened woody
  dark brown pod. Genus honors Richard van der
  Schot, an 18th century Dutch visitor to SA and chief
  gardener of the Imperial Garden at Schönbrun in
  Austria.

Sophora
tomentosa
Coastal sophora,
Silverbush,
Necklace pod

Fabaceae

Native

  Has velvety silver-hued vegetation and typical pea-
  like yellow flowers. The name 'necklace pod' refers
  to the seed pods which are restricted at intervals.
  Has good salt tolerance and is native to coastal areas
  of south Florida and the Caribbean. Seeds are toxic.

Spathodea
campanulata
African tulip tree,
Coronation tree

Bignoniaceae

Introduced

  Blooms in the summer with scarlet tulip-like flowers.
  One of the common names refers to the fact that it
  was planted to commemorate the coronation of King
  George VI. Native to tropical Africa.

Sprekelia
formosissima
Aztec lily,
Jacobean lily

Amaryllidaceae

Introduced

  Native to rock outcroppings in the mountains of
  Mexico and Guatemala. Sometimes called orchid lily
  or St. James lily. The species name means 'very
  handsome, very beautiful.'

Syagrus
romanzoffiana
Queen palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  Grows to 60' tall with a smooth gray trunk and a
  large canopy of lacy glossy-green fronds. Widely
  planted as a landscape tree. Native to Brazil, Para-
  guay and northern Argentina. Species name honors
  Nicholas Romanzoff, a Russian minister of state and
  financial supporter of scientific exploration

Tabebuia
pallida
Pink trumpet tree,
White cedar

Bignoniaceae

Introduced

  Naturalized in Bermuda from tropical North and
  South America and West Indies. Grows to 60' tall.
  Showy flowers, leathery leaves, long cylindrical
  fruit pods.

Tabernaemontana
divaricata
Pinwheel flower,
Butterfly gardenia,
Crepe jasmine

Apocynaceae

Introduced

  Named for German herbalist Theodor Jakob von
  Bergzaben who Latinized his name as Tabernaemon-
  tanus which means 'tavern in the mountains.' Also
  referred to locally as Bermuda gardenia. Native to
  India.

Tecomaria
capensis
Cape honeysuckle

Bignoniaceae

Introduced

  Widely planted in Bermuda usually as a sprawling
  hedge and sometimes called trumpet flower. Native
  to the Cape region of South Africa, hence the name.
  Tolerant of salt spray and attracts hummingbirds.

Thevetia
peruviana
Yellow oleander,
Lucky nut

Apocynaceae

Introduced

  Large shrub or small tree to 20'. Poisonous. Native
  to South America. Named for André Thévet, French
  missionary who collected plants in South America.

Thunbergia
alata
Black-eyed Susan,
Orange clock vine

Acanthaceae

Introduced

  A slender viney species often found growing wild in
  Bermuda. Can bloom all year round. The genus name
  honors Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), a Swedish
  botanist, doctor, explorer and author, and one of the
  greatest pupils of Linnaeus.

Thunbergia
erecta
King's mantle,
Bush clock vine

Acanthaceae

Introduced

Vigorous woody shrub from tropical Africa. Flowers
are large and have a slight fragrance.

Tillandsia
usneoides
Spanish moss

Bromeliaceae

Introduced

  Name refers to its likeness to the lichen genus Usnea.
  Is epiphytic, has no roots, tiny, inconspicuous flowers,
  and drapes from tree branches so thickly that it can
  reduce their rate of growth. Ranges from SE U.S. to
  Argentina.

Washingtonia
robusta
Mexican fan palm

Arecaceae

Introduced

  Fast growing palm introduced from Mexico. Grows
  to 70'-80'. Leaves tend to remain forming a skirt
  around the stem. Genus name honors the first Presi-
  dent of the U.S. George Washington. Clusters of
  small whitish flowers mature into 1/2" black berries.

Wedelia
trilobata
Wedelia,
Creeping daisy

Asteraceae

Introduced

  Native to northern South America and West Indies.
  Very aggressive ground cover plant. Crushed leaves
  used as a poultice and to make a tea to alleviate
  cold and flu symptoms.

Yucca
aloifolia
Spanish bayonet,
Dagger plant

Liliaceae

Native

  Ranges from North Carolina to Florida and Mexico,
  West Indies and Bermuda in coastal areas. Often
  planted as a "security plant" beneath windows and
  other home access points.